International ideas of sustainable development are not adapted to national specificity of Russian school. That is why we concretize them taking into account the priorities of the state policy in economic, social and cultural development of the country and the features of national education system. We assume that it is necessary to take into account psychological features of understanding sustainable development ideas and to overcome non-scientific ideas, misconceptions and myths that hamper ESD. Key ESD cultural concepts are defined as means to understand ESD better. А concept of methodical system of transdisciplinary for sustainable development in comprehensive school is developed.